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Passage 11 (美国文化特点)
A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man — the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common laborer or even the skilled factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort.
美国文化的一个特点，并且几乎成为美国的一项传统的是对自我奋斗的人的尊敬――通过自己的努力到达顶峰，通常是白手起家。然而公司，企业的领导，社会地位很高，在社区中获得比一般工人或工厂技术人员更多的尊敬的大学教授，都不愿说出自己的父亲在美国是从一个农民，工人这类人开始奋斗的。
This attitude toward manual(体力的)labor is now still seen many aspects of American life. One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriously(豪华地)furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children; yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward, furthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery. On the contrary, the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes. A professional may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, painting the house. His wife may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing. The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.
这种对体力劳动的尊敬在美国生活的很多地方都能看到。一个人被邀请到一户家庭赴宴，这户家庭装潢不只舒适，可以说是豪华，处处可证明这家人支付的起国外旅行，奢侈的爱好和孩子的大学教育。但是这样的女主人很有可能自己做饭招待客人，然后洗刷餐具，并且这样的宴会不会仅仅提供快餐式的罐头食品，从附近面包房买的蛋糕或派。相反的，女主人通常为精心准备特别的菜肴而感到自豪。男主人会谈论自己如何洗车，在花房劳作，粉刷房子，他的儿子在外地上大学，做餐厅侍应生，洗盘子来供自己生活花费，或者暑假的时候为建筑队在高速公路工作赚钱付学费。
11. From paragraph 1, we know that in America _______.从第一段我们可以知道在美国_______?
A. people tend to have a high opinion of the self-made man人们对自我奋斗的人评价很高
B. people can always rise to the top through their own efforts
C. college professors win great respect from common workers
D. people feel painful to mention their fathers as labors
12. According to the passage, the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because _______.
从这篇文章来看，女主人自己做饭主要是因为_______?
A. servants in American are hard to get
B. she takes pride in what she can do herself 她对自己可以做的事情感到自豪
C. she can hardly afford servants D. It is easy to prepare a meal with canned food
13. The expression “wait on table” in the second paragraph means “_______”.
第二段中，词组“等在桌旁”的意思是什么?
A. work in a furniture shop B. keep accounts for a bar
C. wait to lay the table D. serve customers in a restaurant在餐厅为客人服务
14. The author’s attitude towards manual(体力的)labor is _______.作者对体力劳动者的态度如何?
A. positive 积极的 B. negative C. humorous D. critical
15. Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?
下面那项最适合作这篇文章的题目?
A. A Respectable Self-made Family.
B. American Attitude toward Manual Labor. 美国人对体力劳动者的态度
C. Characteristics of American Culture. D. The Development of Manual Labor.
KEY：ABDAB
Passage 12 (如何发明单词/文字)
How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thought and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to present those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words.
人们最初是如何发明单词的不得而知，换句话说，语言的起源是个秘密。所有我们所知道的只是，人，不同于动物，不知怎么发明了某些声音来表达思想、情感、行为和物质，以便相互交流;后来统一了某些被称为字母的符号，这些字母可以连起来代表那些声音，可以写下来。我们把那些声音叫做单词，不管他们是口语还是书面语。
The power of words, then, lies in their associations-the thing they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something increases.
文字的力量在于其联系性-它们把这些联系性带到我们的头脑中。通过经历，单词对我们充满了意义。我们活得越久，某些单词就越能使我们回忆起过去的喜怒哀乐;我们越是阅读和学习，有意义的单词数量就越增加。
Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.
伟大的作家是那些不仅具有伟大思想而且能用词汇来表达这些思想的人，他们的思想强烈地震撼着我们的心灵和情感。单词的这种美妙和寓意用法就是我们所谓的文学性。总之，真正的诗人是文字的掌握着。他可以用音乐般的词汇来表达自己的意思，这些词汇凭借其所用环境和联系性能让人感动得流泪。因此，我们应该学会仔细选择所用词汇并准确使用，否则会使我们说的话可笑又粗俗。
6. The origin of language is _______. 语言的起源是：
A. a legend handed down from the past B. a matter that is hidden or secret
C. a question difficult to answer D. a problem not yet solved一个还未解决的问题
7. What is true about words? 关于词汇哪一项是对的?
A. They are used to express feelings only. B. They can not be written down.
C. They are simply sounds. 他们是简单的声音 D. They are mysterious.
8. The real power of words lies in their _______. 文字的真正力量在于其 ____
A. properties B. characteristics
C. peculiarity D. representative function 代表功能
9. By “association”, the author means _______. 作者用“联系性”这个词指
A. a special quality B. a joining of ideas in the mind头脑中思想的联接
C. an appearance which is puzzling D. a strange feature
10. Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true?
关于真正的诗人下列哪项不正确?
A. He is no more than a master of words. 他只不过是一个文字的掌握者。
B. He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music.
C. He can move men to tears. D. His style is always charming.
KEY：DCDBA
Passage 13 (羞怯不快乐原因)
Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: what kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes?
羞怯是许多人不快乐的原因。害羞的人焦虑不安，自我意识强，也就是说，他们过分在意自己的形象和行为。焦虑时常萦绕在他们的脑海中：我给人留下了什么印象?他们喜欢我吗?我让人觉得很傻吗?我的穿着是否不吸引人?
It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must negatively affect people. A person’s conception of himself or herself is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people’s reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.
显而易见，这种不舒适的感觉必然给人们带来了不利的影响。一个人的自我意识反映在他或她的行为上，而一个人的行为会影响他人的反应。一般而言，人们认识自己的方式对他们的生活的方方面面有深远的影响。
Shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing “the right thing.” Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their feelings of inferiority. They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliment with a statement like this one, “You’re just saying that to make me feel good. I know it’s not true.” It is clear that while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.
羞怯的人非常自卑，他们可能很被动，容易受他人的影响。扣扣一零七八二五二四四九他们需要得到他人的再次确认：他们所做的是“正确的事情”。羞怯的人对批评很敏感，他们认为批评使得他们更低人一等。他们也发现自己很难因为受到类似的表扬而高兴，如：你刚才所说的使我感觉很好。我知道那不是真的。很明显，尽管具有自知之明是件好事，但过度自谦则是有害的。
Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient efforts in building self-confidence. Since shyness goes hand in hand with a lack of self-esteems, it is important for people to accept their weakness as well as their strengths.
羞怯能根除吗?或至少能减少些吗?幸运的是，许多人能通过坚决而有耐心地建立自信来克服羞怯。既然羞怯与自卑天生相伴，那么人们能看见他们的优缺点是很重要的。
Each one of us is a unique, worthwhile individual, interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. Let’s not allow shyness to block our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.
每一个人都是独一无二的，都有其价值所在。我们对我们自己个人的方式感兴趣。我们了解自己越多，我们就越容易充分发挥自己的潜能。不要让羞怯妨碍我们实现富裕而有成效的人生。
11. What does the author try to prove by citing “what kind of impression am I making?”
作者通过引用“我给人留下了什么印象?”来试图说明什么?
A. Shy people benefit from their caring about their appearance.
B. People’s shyness made them care too much about their appearance and actions.
羞怯使他们过分关注他们的形象和行为。
C. It’s natural that shy people don’t believe other’s compliments.
D. Shy people think they are different from others.
12. According to the writer, self-awareness is _______.根据作者的观点，自知之明是一件_______
A. a good quality 好事 B. the cause of unhappiness
C. harmful to people D. a weak point of shy people
13. When being praised, shy people feel that it is _______.当被赞扬的时候，羞怯的人感到这是_______
A. good B. unreal 不真实的 C. very reasonable D. harmful
14. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
根据文章含义，下列陈述哪一个是正确的?
A. Shyness helps us to develop our potential.
B. Shyness enables us to understand ourselves better.
C. Shyness can block our chances for a rich life. 羞怯能够阻碍我们实现富裕人生的机会。
D. Shyness has nothing to do with lack of self-esteem.
15. It can be inferred from the passage that shy people _______.从文章中可以推断出羞怯的人_______
A. should find more of their weakness
B. should understand themselves in the right way应当以正确的方式看待自己
C. had better ignore their weakness
D. can get rid of their shyness while maintaining low self-esteem
KEY：BABCB
Passage 14 (美国打电话)
In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it’s a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance. In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late, will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence. (260 words)
在美国，一般不习惯每天很早打电话给某个人。如果你很早打电话给他，在他刮胡子或吃早饭的时候，那就说明这件事情非常重要，需要立刻处理。晚上十一点以后打电话也是同样的意思。如果一个人在睡觉的时候接到电话，那他肯定觉得这是一件事关生死的大事。打电话的时间也显示事情的重要程度。在社会生活中，时间是一个非常重要的角色。在美国，如果在宴会三四天前才受到邀请，那受邀者就会认为自己不是很受重视。但并不是在所有的国家都如此。在世界上的其它地方，提前很多时候做约定被认为是很愚蠢的，因为约好一个星期以后的事情很容易忘记。所以时间的意义在不同的地方是不一样的。因此，来自不同文化背景的人之间就会产生误会。举个例子，准时在美国社会是受到高度认可的。如果某些人不准时，就会被认为不礼貌或不够负责任。在美国，没有一个人会把一次商务活动和等待一小时联系起来，这太不礼貌了。一个人如果迟到五分钟，就要做出解释，也许这还不够。
6. What is the main idea of this passage? __________ 以下哪项表达了本文的中心思想?
A. It is not customary to telephone someone in the morning and in sleeping hours in the U.S.
B. The role of time in social life over the world. 世界各地时间在社会生活中扮演的角色。
C. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible in the U.S.
D. Not every country treats the concept of time as the same.
7. What does it mean in the passage if you call someone during his or her sleeping hours? __________
根据本文，如果你在某人睡觉时间打电话给他，意味着什么?
A. A matter of work.
B. A matter of life or death. 这是一件事关生死的大事
C. You want to see him or her.
D. You want to make an appointment with him or her.
8. Which of the following time is proper if you want to make an appointment with your friend? __________
如果你想约你的朋友，以下哪个时间是比较恰当的?
A. at 7: 00 am. B. at 4:00 pm. 下午4点 C. at the midnight. D. at 4:00 am.
9. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? __________
根据本文，以下哪项陈述是正确的?
A. In the U.S.A guests tend to feel they are highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.
B. There is no misunderstanding arising between people from different cultures about the concept of time.
C. It may be considered foolish to make an appointment well in advance in the U.S.A..
D. Promptness is valued highly in American life. 准时在美国社会是受到高度认可的。
10. From the passage we can safely infer that __________. 从本文我们可以得出：
A. it’s a matter of life or death if you call someone in day time
B. the meaning of time differs in different parts of the world 世界各地的时间观念是不同的。
C. it makes no difference in the U.S. whether you are early or late for a business party
D. if a person is late for a date, he needn’t make some explanation
KEY：BBBDB
Passage 15 (目标有三种)
There are three kinds of goals: short-term, medium-range and long-term goals.
目标有三种：短期目标，中期目标和长期目标。
Short-term goals are those that usually deal with current activities, which we can apply on a daily basis. Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possibly, months. It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation, long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals. Upon completing our short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.
短期目标是根据每日制定的为了处理当前事物的目标。短期目标可以以少于一个星期，一个星期，两个星期，或者可能的话一个月来完成。我们必须记住，正如只有地基牢靠，建筑物才坚固一样，长期目标脱离了扎实的短期目标的实现是不能实现的。扣扣一零七八二五二四四九短期目标的实现是以以前完成的目标为前提的。
The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals. They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year, or they could even extend for several years. Any time you move a step at a time, you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step, you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow and succeed. And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation and desire will increase.
中期目标是在短期目标的基础上指定的。可以以一个学期或整个学年为周期指定，或者延长至几年。每次你根据目标前进了一步，都不要让自己感到没有信心或者压力重重。当你完成了一个目标，你都会增加成功的信心。并且当你完成目标的日期越来越近，你的动力和希望都会增加。
Long-term goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing. We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.(221 words)
长期目标可以和我们未来的梦想相关联。可以是五年或五年以上的目标。生活不是一成不变的。我们不能让长期目标制约了我们或我们的行为。
11. Our long-term goals mean a lot ____________.
如果我们能完成各个短期目标，那么我们的长期目标将意义深远。
A. If we cannot reach solid short-term goals B. If we complete the short-term goals
C. If we have dreams of the future D. If we put forward some plans
12. New short-term goals are built upon ____________. 短期目标是以以前完成的目标为前提的。
A. a daily basis B. your achievement in a week
C. current activities D. the goals that have been completed
13. When we complete each step of our goals, ____________.每完成一个目标，将会增加我们成功的信心。
A. we will win final success B. we are overwhelmed
C. we should build up confidence of success D. we should have strong desire for setting new goals
14. What is the main idea of this passage? ____________ 这篇短文的中心思想是什么?
A Life is a dynamic thing. B. we should set up long-term goals
C. Different kinds of goals in life. 目标的不同种类。 D. The limitation of long-term goals.
15. Which of the following statements is wrong according to the passage? ____________
根据短文，下面哪种说法是错误的?
A. The long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals
B. The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals.
C. Life is a static thing, thus we should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.
生活是一成不变的，所以我们不能让长期目标制约我们的生活和我们的行为。
D. We should often add new short-term goals to those which have been completed.
KEY：BDCCC
Passage 16(在伦敦工作)
Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it, and to go in to their offices or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up early in the morning and reach home late in the evening.
很多在伦敦工作的人喜欢住在伦敦郊外，然后每天乘火车、汽车和公交车去上班或上学。这也就意味着他们不得不早出晚归。
One advantage of living outside London is that houses are cheaper. Even a small flat in London without a garden costs quite a lot to rent. With the same money, one can get a little house in the country with a garden of one’s own.
住在伦敦郊外的一个好处就是房子便宜。在伦敦即使是没有花园的小公寓也需要一笔不菲的租金，用同样的钱，你可以在郊区买一个带花园的小房子了。
Then, in the country one can really get away from the noise and hurry of busy working lives. Even though one has to get up earlier and spend more time in trains or buses, one can sleep better at night and during weekends and on summer evenings, one can enjoy the fresh, clean air of the country. If one likes gardens, one can spend one’s free time digging, planting, watering and doing the hundred and one other jobs which are needed in a garden. Then, when the flowers and vegetables come up, one has got the reward together with those who have shared the secret of Nature.
然后，他在乡村就可以远离喧嚣和忙碌的工作生活。即使他不得不起得更早，花更多的时间乘火车或公交车，但他晚上可以睡得更好。在周末和夏季的夜晚，他可以享受乡村清新干净的空气。要是他喜欢花园，在花园里干一些想挖土、种植、浇水等许多园艺的活，那么当鲜花和蔬菜生长起来的时候，他就与其他分享大自然秘密的人们一样得到奖赏。
Some people, however, take no interest in country things: for them, happiness lies in the town, with its cinemas and theatres, beautiful shops and busy streets, dance-halls and restaurants. Such people would feel that their life was not worth living if they had to live it outside London. An occasional walk in one of the parks and a fortnight’s (two weeks) visit to the sea every summer is all the country they want: the rest they are quite prepared to leave to those who are glad to get away from London every night.
然而有些人对乡村并不感兴趣。对他们来说，幸福就在市区里，那里有电影院、剧院、漂亮的商店、繁忙的街道、舞厅和饭店。如果不得不住在伦敦郊外的话，这些人就觉得生活没意义了。(对于那些热爱都市生活的人来说)他们所需要的乡村生活，就是偶尔去公园散步，每个夏天去海边过上两个星期，其他跟乡村有关的东西，让那些每天晚上都急于离开伦敦的人们(住在郊外的人们)去享受吧。
6. Which of the following statements is NOT true? 下列哪个陈述是不对的?
A. People who love Nature prefer to live outside the city.
B. All the people who work in London prefer to live in the country.
所有在伦敦工作的人都喜欢住在伦敦市郊
C. Some people enjoying city life prefer to work and live inside London.
D. Many nature lovers, though working in London, prefer to live outside the city.
7. With the same money needed for _______, one can buy a little house with a garden in the country.
用同样的钱_______,他可以在乡村买到一套有花园的小房子。
A. getting a small flat with a garden B. having a small flat with a garden
C. renting a small flat without a garden 租一套没有花园的小公寓
D. buying a small flat without a garden
8. When the garden is in blossom, the one _______ has been rewarded.
当花园里开满鲜花的时候，那个_______的人就得到了奖赏。
A. living in the country B. having spent time working in the garden花时间在花园里工作
C. having a garden of his own D. having been digging, planting and watering
9. People who think happiness lies in the city life would feel that _______ if they had to live outside London.
那些认为幸福就在城市里人会感到_______如果他们不得不住在郊外。
A. their life was meaningless 他们的生活毫无意义 B. their life was invaluable
C. they didn’t deserve a happy life D. they were not worthy of their happy life
10. The underlined phrase get away from in the 3rd paragraph refers to _______.
在第3段中，划线的词组get away from指_______。
A. deal with B. do away with
C. escape from 逃脱某个地方 D. prevent from
KEY：BCBAC
附录
美国及美国人的由来 BABAA (别爱别爱啊)
科学家 BCACD (不吃鹌鹑蛋)
书商 BCDCA (不差点财啊)
牛顿市 CCADC (出差爱打车)
汤姆 DCADC (倒车啊倒车)
英国画家 BBCCA (保本财产啊)
好商人 ACBDB (啊!才八点半)
24号居民 BBDAC (爸爸打阿才)
集邮 CBABD (成本低不得)
约翰和维多利亚 DCBBD (大草包笨蛋)
美国文化特点 ABDAB (阿宝的阿爸)
如何发明单词/文字 DCDBA (单词得背啊)
羞怯不快乐原因 BABCB (悲哀悲催吧)
美国打电话 BBBDB (宝宝拨打吧)
目标有三种 BDCCC (北大冲冲冲)
在伦敦工作 BCBAC (菠菜不爱吃)
以第一篇文章举例说明：文章内容是美国及美国人的由来，答案是 BABAA， 怎么看到美国及美国人的由来就能想到BABAA 可以通过联想，美国人你不喜欢，所以不要爱，所以美国及美国人的由来=别爱啊别爱啊， 别爱啊别爱啊这五个字的拼音字母分别为 别=B 爱=A 别=B 爱=A 啊=A 所以美国及美国人的由来 BABAA=别爱别爱啊。 这是没办法的办法，最好时能掌握内容再记答案
