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大学英语--专升本入学测试复习题--组合
组合 (共75题,共150分)
1. Part II.Reading Comprehension (50%)Directions:There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Choose the best answer.Passage One Good health is the most valuable possession a person can have, but one can’t regard good health as certain to happen. It’s important to remember that the human body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to stay in good shape; one should eat the right food, get enough sleep, and exercise regularly. Proper nutrition is important for good health. Your body can’t function well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel”. Avoid food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of food high in protein, like meat, fish, beans and nuts. Vegetables and fruit are especially important because they provide necessary vitamins and minerals. However, don’t overeat. It’s not healthy to be overweight. Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don’t get enough sleep, you feel tired and irritable(易怒的). You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality. Be sure to allow yourself seven to nine hours of sleep each night. If you do, your body will feel strong and refreshed, and your mind will be sharp. Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise builds the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your lifespan. Any kind of exercise is good. Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good shape. Basketball, swimming, bicycling, and running are good examples. Sports are not only good for your body, but they also are enjoyable and interesting. If everyone were to eat the right food, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live longer and become wiser. (10分)
(1) According to the passage, in order to stay in good shape, one should eat the food with___. (2分)
A.lots of sugar
B.fat
C.protein, vitamins and minerals
D.less nutrition
标准答案：C
(2) If a person doesn’t get enough sleep, he will ______. (2分)
A.feel tired and get annoyed B.feel energetic
C.need more than 7 or 9 hours of sleep D.feel as strong as before
标准答案：A
(3) Which of the following statements is NOT true? (2分)
A.Doing proper exercise can help people keep fit.
B.Lack of sleeping will result in a change of personality.
C.Nutritious food is good for health.
D.Of the three factors, plenty of exercise is the most important.
标准答案：D
(4) The passage mainly discusses ______. (2分)
A.how to eat B.how to keep healthy
C.how to exercise D.how to sleep
标准答案：B
(5) What factors discussed here will help people stay in good health? (2分)
A.Eating the right food. B.Getting plenty of sleep.
C.Exercising regularly. D.All of the above.
标准答案：D
2. Passage Two One moonlight evening Beethoven was walking in a street when he suddenly stopped outside a little house. “What is that? It is from mySonata(奏鸣曲)ifF. How well it is played!” Following a sudden break came the voice of crying. “I can’t play any more. This piece of music is so difficult to play. How I wish I could hear Beethoven himself play it!” “Ah, my sister, but we are so poor,” said a young man. “And the ticket to the concert is too expensive.” “Don’t be sad, brother,” said the girl. “I just said that for fun.” Hearing this, Beethoven knocked at the door, and it opened. In the dim light of a candle a young girl was sitting before a piano and a young man was making shoes by a table. “Pardon me,” said Beethoven, “but I heard the music. You wish to hear…” He paused. To his surprise, he found the girl was blind. “Excuse me, then you play by ear? But where did you hear the music?” “I used to hear a woman practicing pieces in the house opposite. Her windows were open and I walked outside to listen to her.” Beethoven said no more. He sat down before the piano. The moon shone brightly in through the window. He looked up thoughtfully to the sky and stars. He said to himself, “I will make up a sonata to the moonlight!” And then his hands dropped on the keys and began to play. Listening silently, the young man put aside his work. the girl, with her head bent slightly forward and her hands pressed tightly over her breast, sat silently near the piano, lost in thought… The brother and sister were so attracted that they were completely lost in the music. Beethoven rushed to the place where he was staying and spent a whole night writing down the piece of music he had played at the blind girl’s house. That was the origin of theMoonlight Sonata. (10分)
(1) What was the girl playing one evening? (2分)
A.She was playing a piece of music composed by Beethoven.
B.She was playing theMoonlight Sonata.
C.She was playing a piece of music composed by herself.
D.She was playing the guitar.
标准答案：A
(2) Why did the girl suddenly stop playing? (2分)
A.Because she felt too tired and wanted to have a rest.
B.Because she was proud of her skill.
C.Because it was difficult for her to go on playing the piece of music.
D.Because she wanted to play at a concert.
标准答案：C
(3) From the story we know that the girl ______. (2分)
A.could not hear but see B.loved music
C.was a good singer D.was a musician
标准答案：B
(4) How did the girl learn to play? (2分)
A.Beethoven taught her to play.
B.She learned to play from her brother.
C.A woman teacher taught her to play.
D.She learned to play by listening to a neighbor playing.
标准答案：D
(5) Beethoven first played theMoonlight Sonata______. (2分)
A.at his own home
B.at the blind girl’s home
C.at the blind girl’s home
D.at a concert
标准答案：C
3. Passage Three Of all the animals in the animal kingdom, which one (aside from man) is the cleverest? There are several ways of measuring the intelligence of animals. In one test some scientists set three identical cans on a table. While an animal watches, he puts food under one of the cans. Then he leads the animal away. Some time later, he brings it back to see if it remembers which can has the food. No smelling is allowed; the animal must go to the correct can or it fails. This is called a delayed-response test. The idea is to find out how long an animal’s memory can keep the information. The scientists would try showing the cans to the animal an hour later, or two hours later, or even a full day later. They discovered that chimpanzees(黑猩狸)and elephants have the best memory, and are able to remember the correct can for at least twenty hours. No other animal is close. Dogs come next, but they only remember for nine hours. To settle the matter, the scientists designed a huge maze(曲径，迷宫)and ran the chimpanzees and elephants through it. The maze was very difficult, with many blind paths and dead ends. It took the chimpanzees ten minutes to find their way out. The elephants needed a half hour. Even allowing for the elephants slower rate of speed, the test shows that chimpanzees are the cleverest animals. From this and other tests, the scientists drew the following conclusion: an animal’s intelligence depends on the size of its brain in proportion to(与……成比例)the size of its body. The elephant’s brain weighs ten pounds. But this is only 1/600thof its 6,000-pound body weight. So in proportion to its body size, the chimpanzee has four times as much brain as the elephant, thus more brain for less body. (10分)
(1) The main idea of this passage is that ______. (2分)
A.there are several ways of measuring the intelligence of animals
B.chimpanzees and elephants have the best memory
C.intelligence tests show that the chimpanzee is the cleverest animal
D.the scientists designed a huge maze and ran the chimpanzees and elephants through it
标准答案：C
(2) The delayed-response test is designed to test an animal’s ______. (2分)
A.eyesight B.intelligence
C.learning ability D.memory
标准答案：D
(3) The passage tells that elephants ______. (2分)
A.never forget things
B.are more clever than chimpanzees
C.are more clever than chimpanzees
D.have better memories than chimpanzees
标准答案：C
(4) Which of the following animals is NOT mentioned in this passage? (2分)
A.Elephant. B.Dolphin.
C.Chimpanzee. D.Dog.
标准答案：B
(5) What does an animal’s intelligence depend on? (2分)
A.The size of its brain in proportion to the size of its body.
B.The size of its body.
C.The size of its brain.
D.The place an animal lives in.
标准答案：A
4. Passage Four The existing oil resources will not last very long. This means that all vehicles such as cars, trains, buses, planes and ships that need oil to work will not be able to run. So it will be necessary to develop a new system of transport which uses a fuel other than oil. Electric vehicles are one possibility. InBritain, most families have at least one car and this car is used everyday. It could be that only one person in the family drives the car to work or for shopping. The number of cars on the road which are almost empty perhaps helps to explain why the oil is used up so quickly. The family car is a very useful form of transport but it is also a great waster of energy, especially if it is compared with buses or trains which use less petrol per person than a car; this also wastes fuel. A car traveling at 80 kilometers an hour uses only half as much petrol as a car running at 120 kilometers an hour. Clearly, it would be better if there were fewer cars on the road and more speed limits so that the oil which is left will last as long as possible. About 25% of Britain’s total consumption(消耗)of energy is domestic -- it is used only in the home. Just over 20% is used for transport. Most of the energy is used in industry. It is difficult to suggest any possible energy conservation in industry because many of the suggestions would mean that some people would lose their jobs. It is important that industry produces the same amount of products using the same amount of workers. Obviously, conservation is not going to be the answer to the energy crisis. The most it can do is to give more time for a better solution to be found. The more time which is available for new sources of energy to be developed, the better it is because there is still a lot of work to be done in order to find suitable, safe methods of producing energy. (10分)
(1) According to the passage, all vehicles that need oil to work will not be able to run
because ______. (2分)
A.they will be replaced by electric vehicles
B.oil resources will be used up very soon
C.the transport system for them is too old
D.these vehicles cannot use the new fuel
标准答案：B
(2) InBritain, most families have at least one car and ______. (2分)
A.only one person is allowed to drive this car
B.this car is efficiently used
C.this car is not efficiently used
D.this car is a great waster of energy
标准答案：C
(3) It is implied that to save our precious oil, drivers should limit their speed ______. (2分)
A.as much as possible
B.to no more than 80 kilometers an hour
C.to no more than 100 kilometers an hour
D.to no more than 120 kilometers an hour
标准答案：B
(4) According to paragraph2 inthis passage, more energy conservation in industry means
______. (2分)
A.fewer job opportunities
B.more job opportunities
C.less domestic oil consumption
D.more products
标准答案：A
(5) What is the best way to solve the energy crisis? (2分)
A.Government should cut down the number of family cars on the road.
B.The speed of vehicles must be limited.
C.New resources of energy should be found and developed.
D.Factories should cut down on production.
标准答案：C
5. Passage Five “Fire! Fire!” What terrible words to hear when one wakes up in a strange house in the middle of the night! It was a large, old, wooden house and my room was on the top floor. I jumped out of bed, opened the door and stepped out into the passage. It was full of thick smoke. I began to run, but as I was still only half-awake, instead of going towards the stairs I went in the opposite direction. The smoke grew thicker and I could see flames all around. The floor became hot under my bare feet. I found an open door and ran into a room to get to the window. But before I could reach it, one of my feet caught in something soft and I fell down. The thing I had fallen over felt like a bundle of clothes, and I picked it up to protect my face from the smoke and heat. Just then the floorgave wayunder me and I crashed to the floor below with pieces of burning wood all around me. I saw a flaming doorway in front, put the bundle over my face and ran. My feet burned me terribly, but I got through. As I reached the cold air outside, my bundle of clothes suddenly gave a thin cry. I was taken aback and nearly dropped it. then I saw a crowd gathered in the street. A woman in a nightdress and a borrowed man’s coat screamed as she saw me and came running madly. “My baby! My baby!” she cried. The crowd cheered wildly as she took the smoke-blackened bundle out of my arms. I had some difficulty in recognizing her. She was Mayor’s wife, and I had saved her baby. I was a hero. (10分)
(1) When the author found that the house was on fire he got out of bed and ran in the wrong
direction because ______. (2分)
A.he was in great horror
B.he was still half-asleep
C.this was the only way out
D.the smoke was too thick for him to see clearly
标准答案：B
(2) Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? (2分)
A.The man was a guest living in that house.
B.The man was the only one trapped in that burning house.
C.The man was saved before the house was burned down..
D.The man was welcomed by a crowd of people when he came out of the house.
标准答案：A
(3) The expressiongave wayin paragraph 2 means ______. (2分)
A.collapsed B.loved music
C.crashed D.burned away
标准答案：A
(4) When the bundle of clothes, which he used to protect his face, gave a weak cry the
author ______. (2分)
A.was greatly ashamed B.was very excited
C.was greatly surprised D.was very pleased
标准答案：C
(5) This story is about ______. (2分)
A.a man who bravely rescued a baby
B.a man who lived on the top floor of a strange house
C.a man who tried hard to escape from a fire
D.a man who saved a baby by accident
标准答案：D
6. Generations of children who sat through endless lessons of “chalk and talk” in front of a bossy teacher can take some relief. But the “chalk and talk” method helped them achieve better exam results. Modern classroom techniques may make school days a good deal happier, but contentment is not the road to success in examinations, according to university researchers.
Their three-year study, monitoring the progress of 2,000 teenagers, tried to measure the influence of the “boredom factor” in 17 selected schools in the north of England The researchers also found that the old-fashioned approach of teachers ordering pupils about is still alive and producing results. Their conclusions were welcomed yesterday by educationists who were worried by the shift to less formal lessons.
The pupils in the latest study were asked to award teachers marks to measure how frequently they followed or ignored today’s fashion for “child-centred” education. A five-point scale was devised to spot the teachers who always told them what they should know and what to write down. “It was significant and not something you would get by chance or accident. Certainly, when you compare the pupil’s interest and attitudes to school, there is a quite definite and highly significant difference,” one of the researchers said. But the ranking were turned upside down when the team of four researchers looked at how the children did in examinations. The sort of methods now frowned upon actually improved the final grades.
The researcher said. “There is nothing wrong with old-fashioned, didactic(说教性的)teaching in the right place, even if it isn’t the flavor at the moment.” However, he insisted the best teachers had always mixed the two techniques to match the needs of pupils, although certain examinations forced some to concentrate more on dictation and learning by rote(死记硬背). (10分)
(1) University researchers have discovered that ______. (2分)
A.modern teaching methods provide students with entertainment
B.students taught by modern teaching techniques are happy and successful
C.traditional teaching methods help students achieve better scores
D.students like old teaching better than modern teaching at school
标准答案：C
(2) We learn from paragraph 2 that ______. (2分)
A.this study aims to discover the boredom factors in children’s learning
B.educationist have strong belief in the modern teaching technique
C.traditional teaching methods help students achieve better scores
D.people respond to the research results differently
标准答案：D
(3) Paragraph 3 implies that ______. (2分)
A.child-centered education promotes friendship among children
B.the research findings are not significant enough for a conclusion
C.those who show greater interest in school did better in exams
D.those who don’t show much interest in school may turn out to score high in tests
标准答案：D
(4) The researchers conclude that ______. (2分)
A.teachers should use more of old methods in their teaching
B.teachers should teach the students how to score high in exams
C.teachers should pay more attention to dictation
D.if old and new methods are used in the proper context, the best result might be achieved
标准答案：D
(5) The best title for this article is ______. (2分)
A.The Examination-oriented Teaching
B.Rote Learning Was the Winner
C.The Problem of Child-centered Education
D.The Problem of the Traditional Method
标准答案：B
7. Passage Two
Today people all over the world are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution. Pollution is caused either by man’s release of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of natural substance, such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.
The whole industrial process, which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in our daily life, is bound to create a number of waste products which upset the ecological balance. Many of those waste products can be disposed of sensibly, but when more new goods are produced, there will be new, dangerous wastes to be disposed of. Many people, therefore, see pollution as only part of the larger and more complex problem – the whole process of industrial production and consumption of goods. Others again see the problem mainly in connection with agriculture, where new methods make farmers grow more on their land to feed population. However, the land itself is gradually becoming worn out as it is being used. Chemical mixture cannot restore the balance.
Whatever its underlying causes, there is no doubt that much of the pollution problem could be controlled if only everyone would make more effort. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of; drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources. Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but to throw away much of what we do buy. So we can solve pollution problems by cutting out excess consumption, unnecessary buy and so on. (10分)
(1) When we say that people are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the
problem of pollution, we mean that ______. (2分)
A.this problem is becoming the center of public concern
B.people are using products largely made of new and often artificial substances
C.the media is paying more and more attention to this problem
D.people are being better educated about the problem of pollution
标准答案：A
(2) The major environmental problem caused by industrial process is ______. (2分)
A.the increased production of new goods
B.the creation of new products
C.the sensible disposal of the increasing industrial wastes
D.the creation of new wastes
标准答案：D
(3) The major environmental problem with agriculture is caused by ______. (2分)
A.the increased population farmers have to feed
B.the worn-our farm land
C.the restoration of the balance of the farm land
D.the new methods of farming involving the use of chemical fertilizer
标准答案：D
(4) In the last paragraph, it is implied that ______. (2分)
A.the packaging problem only makes the pollution worse
B.people should consume less to prevent the problem of pollution
C.advertising plays a positive role in controlling the problem of pollution
D.the problem of pollution can only be solved if we buy less
标准答案：A
(5) The passage mainly deals with ______. (2分)
A.the causes of pollution and possible solutions
B.pollution in a broad sense
C.the ecological balance
D.the industrial and agricultural pollution
标准答案：A
8. Passage Three
Hippies were members of a youth movement of the1960’s and1970’s that started in theUnited Statesand spread toCanada,Great Britain, and many other countries. The hippies rejected the customs, traditions, and life styles of society and tried to develop those of their own. Most hippies came from white middle-class families and ranged in age from 15 to 25 years old. They thought too many adults cared about making money and little else. The term “hippie” may have come from the word “hip”, which means “tuned-in” or “aware”.
Hippies wanted a world based on love of humanity and peace. Many believed that wonderful, magical changes were about to take place. They thought these changes would happen as soon as people learned to express their feelings honestly and to behave naturally at all times. Hippies strongly opposedU. S.involvement in the Vietnam War.
Many hippies lived together in small groups, working with one another and sharing possessions. Others refused to be tied down to a fixed ob or home. They wandered from place to place seeking part-time work and temporary shelter. Some begged for spare change and lived in the streets or camped in parks or other public lands.
Hippies were sometimes called “flower children” because they gave people flowers to communicate gentleness and love. They wore long hair and walked barefoot or in sandals(拖鞋). Hippies attracted public attention by wearing clothing that featured unusual combinations of colors and textures. A large number of hippies used marijuana, LSD, and other drugs. Drug experiences shaped their ideas.
The Beatles, a popular English rock group, helped spread the hippie movement with their songs. Hippie favorites included other rock groups as the Grateful Dead and the Jefferson Airplane, singers Joan Baez and Bob Dylan, poet Allen Ginsberg, and novelist Ken Kesey. Many hippies admired Timothy Leary, a psychologist who preached salvation(拯救)through the use of drugs.
In time, most hippies realized it was not easy to reform society by “dropping out” of it. Some joined more organized political movements to work for specific social causes. Others turned to spirituality or religion. The majority simply left the hippie stage of their lives behind while trying to hold on to at least a few of the ideals that once inspired them. (10分)
(1) Which of the following is a proper description of the hippies? (2分)
A.Hippies valued independence and didn’t like to live together or share possessions.
B.Hippies tended to stick to one job forever.
C.Hippies took drugs to escape from the miserable society.
D.Hippies tried to establish their own life styles.
标准答案：D
(2) It can be inferred from the passage that hippies called themselves “hippies” because
______. (2分)
A.they wanted to be different and independent
B.they wanted people to be aware of the necessity for radical changes
C.they considered traditional values worthless
D.they begged people to notice the changes around themselves
标准答案：B
(3) According to the passage, the TRUE statement is ______. (2分)
A.many hippies had to beg because no firms would hire them
B.Timothy Leary, a preacher, was the leader of the hippie movement
C.drugs had a very important influence on hippies’ ideas
D.the hippie movement was first known to the British people through the Beatles songs
标准答案：C
(4) From the last paragraph, we learn that the hippie movement finally declined because
most of the hippies ______. (2分)
A.turned to more active ways to reform society
B.lost hope for a better society
C.joined more organized political movements
D.gave up some of their original ideas
标准答案：D
(5) Which of the following words represents the author’s attitude towards the hippie
movement? (2分)
A.Criticism B.Objectivity
C.Indifference D.Enthusiasm
标准答案：B
9. Passage Four
I came to live here where I am now between Wounded Knee Creek and Grass Creek. Other Indians followed, and we make these little gray houses of wood that you see, and they are square. It is a bad way to live, for there can be no power in a square.
You have noticed that everything an Indian does is in a circle, and that is because the Power of the World always works in circles, and everything tends to be round. In the old days when we were a strong and happy people, all our power came to us from the holy hoop(圣环)of the nation, and so long as the hoop was unbroken, the people flourished. The flowering tree was the living center of the hoop, and the circle of the four quarters nourished it. The east gave peace and light, the south gave warmth, the west gave rain, and the north with its cold and mighty wind gave strength and endurance. This knowledge came to us from the outer world with our religion. Everything the Power of the World does is done in a circle. The sky is round, and I have heard that the earth is round like a ball, and so are all the stars. The wind, in its greatest power, blows wildly. Birds make their nests in circle, for theirs is the same religion as ours. The sun comes forth and goes down again in a circle. The moon does the same, and both are round. Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing, and always come back again to where they were. The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood, and so it is in everything where power moves. Our tepees(圆顶帐篷)were like the nests of birds, and these were always set in a circle, the nation’s hoop, a nest of many nests, where the Great Spirit meant for us to hatch(生养)our children.
But the Wasichus (Indian word for “white people”) have put us in these square boxes. Our power is gone and we are dying, for the power is not in us any more. You can look at our boys and see how it is with us. Where we were living by the power of the circle in the way we should, boys were men at twelve or thirteen years of age. But now it takes them much longer to mature. (10分)
(1) Which of the following is TRUE about the Indian people’s living condition? (2分)
A.They don’t have modern facilities in their homes.
B.They refused to move from their round tepees.
C.They lived in round tepees, but were forced to live in square houses.
D.They lived in round tepees, but then decided to move into square houses.
标准答案：C
(2) The two things compared in the passage are ______. (2分)
A.the Indian’s past and present living conditions
B.man and nature
C.the Indian’s traditional and modern beliefs
D.the Indian’s old and new living styles
标准答案：A
(3) In paragraph 2, the “four quarters” refers to ______. (2分)
A.the four corners of the Indians’ houses
B.four directions
C.the four seasons
D.the four kinds of natural power
标准答案：B
(4) According to the speaker, once the Indians moved into square houses, ______. (2分)
A.everyone fell ill and died
B.they forgot the old way of life
C.they had to move to other houses
D.boys took longer to grow into men
标准答案：D
(5) The speaker feels that ______. (2分)
A.circles and squares both have strong magic
B.it’s good for children to spend more years learning how to grow up
C.circles give much power, but squares make Indians weak
D.it’s time to give up the old ways of life
标准答案：C
10. Passage Five
All of us rely on what we see. We say to ourselves, “I know, I was there; I saw it happen” and that seems to settle the matter. Or does it? Can we really trust the evidence of our eyes?
Take competitive sports. Fans who see the same game will not agree with each other and will disagree with the referee. “He was out of bounds when he caught the pass,” says one fan. Says another, “You’re crazy. I saw it with my own eyes. He was five feet in bounds. You must be blind.” The referee rules that the receiver did step out of bounds. But thousands of fans are still not convinced-because they were there!
It’s the same story in the courtroom. Trial procedure depends on witnesses giving sworn testimony(证词). But just how reliable is the testimony of a person who reports what he has seen? In a recent study, ten thousand witnesses were asked to describe the man they saw commit a crime. The study reveals that, on the average, the witnesses overestimated the man’s height by five inches, his age by eight years, and gave the wrong hair color in 83 percent of the cases. These witnesses didn’t play tricks on them!
What can we do to keep error to minimum? First of all, don’t let your emotions interfere with your vision. Don’t see something because you want to see it. Secondly, try to stay relaxed. If you are tense, you are liable to see red when the color is blue. And finally, it helps to make notes of what you see. Don’t rely on your memory alone. Take pictures, make recordings, and use any other aid to reduce distorting. (10分)
(1) The best statement of the main idea of this passage is the ______. (2分)
A.al of us rely on what we see
B.sworn witnesses and sports fans rarely give accurate descriptions of what they see
C.we can’t completely trust the evidence of our eyes
D.eyewitnesses are unreliable
标准答案：C
(2) The passage suggests that fans at sports events ______. (2分)
A.are swayed(支配)by emotion
B.don’t trust the referee
C.lie about what they see
D.have no respect for the truth
标准答案：A
(3) Statistical studies show that ______. (2分)
A.courtroom testimony only confuses the jury
B.in 83 percent of the cases, witnesses overestimate age by eight years
C.witnesses are remarkably accurate
D.testimony of people reporting what they see is often unreliable
标准答案：D
(4) The word “them” in the last line of paragraph 3 refers to ______. (2分)
A.the eyes of the witnesses
B.the sworn testimony given by the witnesses
C.the members of the jury
D.the height, age and hair color of the criminal
标准答案：D
(5) To keep visual error to a minimum, all of the following are necessary EXCEPT ______. (2分)
A.to stay calm
B.to get closer for a better look
C.not to let your emotions interfere
D.to make notes of what you see
标准答案：B
11. Passage One In order to learn a foreign language well, it is necessary to overcome the fear of making mistakes. If the primary goal of language use is communication, then mistakes are secondary considerations that may be dealt with gradually as awareness of those mistakes increases. On the other hand, students should not ignore their mistakes. The language learner may observe how native speakers express themselves, and how native expressions differ from the way the learner might say them. For example, a Spanish speaker who has been saying “I do it” to express willingness to do something in the immediate future, could, by interacting with native speakers of English, observe that native speakers actually say “I’ll do it.” The resulting discrepancy(差异)can serve as a basis for the student to modify his way of using the present tense in English. But a student who is unwilling to interact in the first place would lose this opportunity to learn by trial and error. (10分)
(1) According to the passage, foreign language students should not worry too much about
making mistakes because ______. (2分)
A.native speakers will ignore their mistakes
B.everyone makes mistakes when trying to communicate in a strange language
C.communication is the primary goal of language learning
D.native speakers like foreign students who try to learn their language
标准答案：C
(2) According to the passage, the present tense in English is ______. (2分)
A.no used to express a desire to do something the immediate future
B.used with some verbs but not with others to express future intention
C.basically the same in English as it is in Spanish
D.not the most difficult problem for foreign students.
标准答案：A
(3) The author thinks that language learners can reduce the number of their mistakes by __. (2分)
A.asking native speakers for explanations
B.reading good books in the foreign language
C.comparing their speech with that of native speakers
D.speaking without regard to native speakers
标准答案：C
(4) Te passage implies that foreign language students who do not interact with native
speakers will not ______. (2分)
A.learn very much about the foreign culture
B.learn about the history of the foreign language
C.have to worry about making mistakes
D.take advantage of available language models
标准答案：D
(5) The author’s major conclusion about the function of mistakes in foreign language
learning is that ______. (2分)
A.mistakes are not important in the process of learning a language
B.making mistakes can help the learner discover the rules of the language
C.learners are often very afraid of making mistakes
D.Mistakes do not interfere with communication
标准答案：B
12. Passage Two Data from the pioneer spacecraft of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) apparently prove the theory that the searing 900-degree Fahrenheit surface temperature of Venus is due to an atmospheric greenhouse effect caused mainly by a blanket of carbon dioxide. Such a greenhouse effect is created when energy in the form of sunlight easily passes through a planet’s atmosphere, warmsits surface, and is converted to heat radiation that is then help in by the atmosphere. The orbiting spacecraft sampled Venus’ atmosphere from top to bottom, enabling NASA’s scientists to establish the exact amount of sunlight absorbed at various places in the planet’s atmosphere and on is surface. Measurements of atmosphere composition, temperature profiles(变化曲线)，and radiative heating predicted Venus’ surface temperature very accurately. The planet is closer to the Sun than is Earth, and it has a relatively thin atmosphere like Earth’s, but Venus’ atmosphere consists of more than ninety percent carbon dioxide, compared to less than four percent in that of Earth. Because of its higher percentage of carbon dioxide, Venus’ surface temperature is much higher than Earth’s. Thus, the Venus studies are believed to be important to the understanding of possible adverse(不利于)effects on Earth’s agriculture and sea levels that could result from the long-term use of fossil fuels, which add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. (10分)
(1) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? (2分)
A.A New Theory.
B.Measuring Planetary Temperatures.
C.The Voyage of Pioneer Spacecraft.
D.The Greenhouse Effect on Venus.
标准答案：D
(2) According to the passage, what happens to heat radiation Venus? (2分)
A.It is neutralized at the planet’s surface.
B.It is trapped by the atmosphere.
C.It creates energy.
D.It circulates evenly.
标准答案：B
(3) According to the passage, how does the atmosphere of Venus differ from that of Earth? (2分)
A.It contains much more carbon dioxide.
B.It holds significantly less moisture.
C.It is four percent thinner.
D.It traps less heat radiation.
标准答案：A
(4) From the passage it can be inferred that the burning of fossil fuel on Earth may cause
___. (2分)
A.more carbon dioxide to enter sea water
B.more sunlight to reach the Earth’s surface
C.the atmosphere to become thinner
D.the planet’s temperature to change
标准答案：D
(5) According to the passage, data from the Venus study can be used to ______. (2分)
A.predict changes in the planet’s orbit
B.predict future agricultural problems on Earth
C.test the efficiency of a spacecraft
D.test a theory about more efficient greenhouse
标准答案：B
13. Passage Three It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory. Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed(闻到)something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat. Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access(即时调用)memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words” ready for instant use. An averageU. S.teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has storeD.Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. (10分)
(1) According to the passage, memory is considered to be ______. (2分)
A.the basis for decision making and problem solving
B.an ability to store experiences for future use
C.An intelligence typically possessed by human beings
D.the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words
标准答案：B
(2) The comparison made between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of a
human being shows that ______ (2分)
A.the computer’s memory has a little bigger capacity than a teenager’s
B.the computer’s memory capacity is much smaller than an adult human being’s
C.the computer’s memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenager’s
D.both A and B
标准答案：C
(3) The whole passage implies that ______. (2分)
A.only human beings have problem-solving intelligence
B.a person’s memory is different from a computer’s in every respect
C.animals are able to solve only very simple problems
D.animals solve problems by instincts rather than intelligence
标准答案：A
(4) The phrase “in terms of” in the last sentence can best be replaced by ______. (2分)
A.“in connection with” B.“expressed by”
C.“consisting” D.“by means of”
标准答案：B
(5) The topic of the passage is ______. (2分)
A.what would life be like without memory?
B.Memory is of vital importance to life.
C.How is a person’s memory different from an animal’s or a computer’s?
D.What is contained in memory?
标准答案：B
14. Passage Four Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labour and to explain part of its advantages. He gives us an example the process by which pins were made inEngland. One man draws out the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the heaD.To make the head require two or three distinct operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is in this manner, divided into about eighteen distinct operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them. Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800 pins a piece(每个). But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labour, they certainly could not each of them have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one. There can be no doubt that division of labour is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labour is in itself responsible of economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economics and those that stand still. But division of labour adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more of what they already have. (10分)
(1) According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to ______. (2分)
A.take advantage of the division of labour
B.introduce the division of labour intoEngland
C.understand the effects of the division of labour
D.explain the causes of the division of labour
标准答案：C
(2) Adam Smith saw that the division of labour ______. (2分)
A.enabled each worker to make pins more quickly and more cheaply
B.increased the possible output per worker
C.increased the number of people employed in factories
D.improved the quality of pins produced
标准答案：B
(3) Adam Smith mentioned the number4,800 inorder to ______. (2分)
A.show the advantages of the divison of labour
B.show the advantages of the old craft system
C.emphasize how powerful the individual worker was
D.emphasize the importance of increased production
标准答案：C
(4) According to the writer, Adam Smith’s mistake was in believing that division of labour
______. (2分)
A.was an efficient way of organizing work
B.was an important development in methods of production
C.inevitably led to economic development
D.increased the production of existing goods
标准答案：C
(5) Which of the following could serve as an appropriate title for the passage? (2分)
A.Adam Smith, the English Economist
B.The Theory of Division of Labour
C.Division of Labour, an Efficient Way of Organizing Work
D.Adam Smith as the Discoverer of Division of Labour
标准答案：C
15. Passage Five Successful innovations have driven many older technologies to extinction(灭绝)and have resulted in higher productivity, greater consumption of energy, increased demand for raw materials, accelerated flow of materials through the economy and increased quantities of metals and other substances in use each person. The history of industrial development abounds(有许多)with examples. In 1870, horse and mules(骡子)were the prime source of power on U. S. farms. One horse or mule was required to support four human beings—a ratio that remained almost constant for many decades. At that time, had a national commission been asked to forecast the horse and mule population for 1970, its answer probably would have depended on whether its consultants were of an economic or technological turn of minD.Had they been “economists”, they would probably have projected the 1970 horse and mule population to be more than 10 million. Had they been “technologists”, they would have recognized that the power of steam had already been harnessed to industry and to land and ocean transport. They would have recognized further that it would be the prime source of power on the farm. It would have been difficult for them to avoid the conclusion that the horse and mule population would decline rapidly. (10分)
(1) According to the passage, what supplied most of the power onU. S.farms in 1980? (2分)
A.Animals. B.Humans. C.Engines. D.Water.
标准答案：A
(2) Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a cones-quence of new
technological developments? (2分)
A.Older technologies die away.
B.The quality of life is improved.
C.Overall productivity increases.
D.More raw materials become necessary.
标准答案：B
(3) It can be inferred from the passage that by 1870 ______. (2分)
A.technology began to be more economical
B.the steam engine had been invented
C.theU.S. horse population was about 10 million
D.a national commission on agriculture had been established
标准答案：B
(4) In the second paragraph, the author suggests that “economists” would ______. (2分)
A.plan the economy through yearly forecasts
B.fail to consider the influence of technological innovation
C.value the economic contribution of farm animals
D.consult of the national commission on the economy
标准答案：B
(5) What is the author’s attitude toward changes brought on by technological innovation? (2分)
A.He is excited about them.
B.He accepts them as natural.
C.He is disturbed by them.
D.He questions their usefulness.
标准答案：B
